Effect of heterogeneous inclusions on the formation of TiO$_2$ nanocrystals in hydrothermal conditions

The effects of heterogeneous impurities on the process of titanium dioxide nanoparticle formation during hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties of synthesized particles were studied. Pre-formed TiO$_2$ nanoparticles of anatase and rutile modifications were used as the heterogeneous impurity. It is shown that the heterogeneous impurities may be considered neither as geometric constraints precluding the crystallization, nor as crystallization centers.