A comparative study on CdS film formation under variable and steady bath-temperature conditions

The deposition temperature of the bath in chemical-bath-deposited cadmium-sulfide thin films can directly affect the optical, electrical, structural as well as morphological properties of deposited thin films. The reporting work discusses the properties of chemical-bath-deposited cadmium-sulfide thin films deposited under steady chemical- bath temperature conditions at both 40 and 80$^\circ$C and compares with films formed under variable bath-temperature conditions by varying the temperature of the chemical bath from 40 to 80$^\circ$C and 80 to 40$^\circ$ C while depositing. The optical, electrical, structural, and morphological properties of the deposited films were examined by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, photo-electrochemical cell, Mott–Schottky measurements, grazing incident X-ray diffractograms, scanning electron microscopy, and profilometry. According to the results, films deposited under steady chemical-bath temperature conditions show better optoelectronic properties compared to the rest, while films fabricated at 40$^\circ$ C are the best.