Disturbance observers: methods and applications. II. Applications

This work is the second part of a survey devoted to disturbance observers that appeared in the theory and practice of automatic control back in the mid-1960s. The first part of the survey was devoted to theoretical results. This part of the survey is devoted to practical application of disturbance observers. We consider such applications as control of ships and underwater vehicles, control of aircraft and robotic manipulators, suppression of narrow-band vibrational oscillations, estimation and suppression of disturbances in electrical systems, control of cars and their component units, and a number of other applications.