How the Soviet School of History of Mathematics was born and began to live

The article is devoted to the emergence and first successes of a group of researchers in Moscow in the 1930 - 50-s who laid the foundations of the Soviet school of the history of mathematics, which received international recognition in the second half of the 20-th century. The article highlights the ideological reasons that put forward the history and philosophy of science in the category of the most important scientific disciplines in the early years of the young Soviet state. The participation of the staff of the Section of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Communist Academy in the reorganization of the Moscow Mathematical Society in 1930 and their activities in creating lecture courses and seminars on the history and methodology of mathematics at Moscow University are traced.