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Free commutative $g$-dimonoids
A. V. Zhuchok,
Yu. V. Zhuchok Department of Algebra and System Analysis,
Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University,
Gogol square, 1, Starobilsk, 92703, Ukraine
Abstract:
A dialgebra is a vector space equipped with two binary operations
$\dashv $ and
$\vdash $ satisfying the following axioms:
\begin{gather*}
(D1)\quad (x\dashv y)\dashv z=x\dashv (y\dashv z),\\
(D2)\quad (x\dashv y)\dashv z=x\dashv (y\vdash z),\\
(D3)\quad (x\vdash y)\dashv z=x\vdash (y\dashv z),\\
(D4)\quad (x\dashv y)\vdash z=x\vdash (y\vdash z),\\
(D5)\quad (x\vdash y)\vdash z=x\vdash (y\vdash z).
\end{gather*}
This notion was introduced by Loday while
studying periodicity phenomena in algebraic
$K$-theory.
Leibniz algebras are a
non-commutative variation of Lie algebras and dialgebras are a variation of associative
algebras. Recall that any associative algebra gives rise to a Lie algebra by
$[x, y] =xy-yx$. Dialgebras are related to Leibniz algebras in a way similar to the relationship between associative algebras and Lie algebras. A dialgebra is just a linear analog of a dimonoid. If operations of a dimonoid coincide, the dimonoid becomes a semigroup. So, dimonoids are a generalization of semigroups.
Pozhidaev and Kolesnikov considered the notion of a
$0$-dialgebra, that is,
a vector space equipped with two binary operations
$\dashv $ and
$\vdash $ satisfying the axioms
$(D2)$ and
$(D4)$. This notion have relationships with Rota-Baxter algebras, namely, the structure of Rota-Baxter algebras appearing
on
$0$-dialgebras is known.
The notion of an associative
$0$-dialgebra, that is, a
$0$-dialgebra with
two binary operations
$\dashv $ and
$\vdash $ satisfying the axioms
$(D1)$ and
$(D5)$, is a linear analog of the notion of a
$g$-dimonoid. In order to obtain a
$g$-dimonoid, we should omit the axiom
$(D3)$ of inner associativity in the definition of a dimonoid. Axioms of a dimonoid and of a
$g$-dimonoid appear in defining identities of trialgebras and of trioids introduced by Loday and Ronco.
The class of all
$g$-dimonoids forms a variety. In the paper of the second author the structure of free
$g$-dimonoids and free
$n$-nilpotent
$g$-dimonoids was given. The class of all commutative
$g$-dimonoids, that is,
$g$-dimonoids with commutative operations, forms a subvariety of the variety of
$g$-dimonoids.
The free dimonoid in the variety of commutative dimonoids was constructed in the paper of the first author.
In this paper we construct a free commutative
$g$-dimonoid and describe the least commutative congruence on a free
$g$-dimonoid.
Bibliography: 15 titles.
Keywords:
dimonoid, $g$-dimonoid, commutative $g$-dimonoid, free commutative $g$-dimonoid, semigroup, congruence.
UDC:
512.57, 512.579
MSC: 08B20,
20M10,
20M50,
17A30,
17A32 Received: 01.07.2015
Language: English