Modern trends in studies of multicaloric materials

The concepts of the multicaloric effect and multicaloric materials is described. Using thermodynamic relations, it is shown that the multicaloric effect is not the sum of single caloric effects and depends on the degree of interplay of the material subsystems. The systematization of multicaloric materials and the current state of the art in the study of materials with multicaloric effects have been carried out. Main trends in the search for advanced multicaloric materials for energy efficient technologies are noted.