Energy balance: from coal to quantum batteries

Electronegativity and chemical hardness are important concepts in chemistry that influence the structure, properties, and reactivity of substances. Electronegativity defines an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond, which affects the polarity and stability of molecules. Chemical hardness, on the other hand, characterizes a substance's resistance to changes in its electronic structure and its response to external influences. These two parameters are interconnected and play a key role in understanding the behavior of chemical compounds, particularly in the context of superconductors, catalysts, and materials with unique properties. Understanding the relationship between electronegativity and chemical hardness may contribute to the development of new materials with tailored characteristics and enhanced properties.