Abstract:
A class of force evolutionary billiards is discovered that realizes important integrable Hamiltonian systems on all regular isoenergy 3-surfaces simultaneously, i.e., on the phase 4-space. It is proved that the well-known Euler and Lagrange integrable systems are billiard equivalent, although the degrees of their integrals are different (two and one).
Keywords:integrable system, billiard, billiard book, Liouville equivalence, Fomenko–Zieschang invariant, evolutionary force billiards, rigid body dynamics.