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Random free trees and forests with constraints on the multiplicities of vertices
A. N. Timashev
Abstract:
We consider free (not rooted) trees with
$n$ labelled vertices whose multiplicities take values in some fixed
subset
$A$ of non-negative integers such that
$A$ contains zero,
$A\ne\{0\}$,
${A\ne\{0,1\}}$, and the greatest common divisor of the numbers
$\{k\mid k\in A\}$ is equal to one. We find the asymptotic behaviour of the number of all these trees as
$n\to\infty$. Under the assumption that the uniform distribution is defined on the set of these trees, for the random variable
$\mu_r^{(A)}$,
$r\in A$, which is equal to the number of vertices of multiplicity
$r$ in a randomly chosen tree, we find the asymptotic behaviour of the mathematical expectation and variance as
$n\to\infty$ and prove local normal and Poisson theorems for these random variables. For the case
$A=\{0,1\}$, we obtain estimates of the number of all forests with
$n$ labelled vertices
consisting of
$N$ free trees as
$n\to\infty$ under various constraints imposed on the function
$N=N(n)$. We find the asymptotic behaviour of the number of all forests of free trees with
$n$ vertices of multiplicities at most one. We prove local normal and Poisson theorems for the number of trees of given size and for the total number of trees in a random forest of this kind. We obtain limit distribution of the random variable equal to the size of the tree containing the vertex with given label.
UDC:
519.2 Received: 10.07.2003
Revised: 24.09.2004
DOI:
10.4213/dm180