Highly efficient low-toxicity catalysts of combustion of double-base powders

It is shown that bismuth compounds whose action is very similar to the action of lead-containing catalysts are quite effective catalysts of combustion of propellants of various compositions. The influence of bismuth compounds on the burning rate of propellants considerably increases when they are introduced together with carbon black and copper compounds. For a certain range of compositions, various copper compounds in combination with carbon black or without it are rather effective catalysts of combustion.