Numerical study of ethanol suspension combustion in air

This paper describes a numerical simulation of a laminar flame of a premixed mixture of ethanol and air at atmospheric pressure with the addition of a suspension of ethanol droplets. The initial fuel-oxidizer ratio in the gas phase is $\phi_{gas}= 0.844$ and $1.125$. With account for the fuel in the liquid phase, the total equivalence ratio is $\phi_{tot}=1.195$ and $1.476$, respectively. The calculation is performed using the method of direct numerical simulation with a reduced chemical mechanism. Motion, heating, and evaporation of droplets are determined using the Lagrange approximation. The numerical simulation results are verified using experimental data (flame cone photographs and laser-induced fluorescence data). It is revealed that all the droplets evaporate in the flame front heating region and the presence of fuel in the liquid phase significant increases the $\mathrm{CO}$ concentration both in the calculation and in the experiment.