X-ray photoelectron and Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of the valence state of transition metal ions in Co$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$Cr$_{2}$O$_{4}$ ($x$ = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) ceramics
Abstract:
The valence state of transition metal ions in the Co$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$Cr$_{2}$O$_{4}$ ($x$ = 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) system has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It has been shown that, in this system, there are Fe$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{3+}$ ions. The relative Fe$^{3+}$/Fe$^{2+}$ contents have been determined by fitting the experimental Fe 2$p$ photoelectron spectra by a superposition of theoretical spectra of the Fe$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{3+}$ ions, as well as using Mössbauer spectroscopy.