X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of the mechanism of formation of carbine in nanomodified polyvinyl alcohol

The modification of polyvinyl alcohol by nickel/carbon nanostructures and the effect of their composition on the change in the polymer structure have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been shown that, at concentrations of the nanostructures from 1 to 90%, the structure of the first energy level of the carbon atom (C 1$s$) of the polymer spectrum changes: carbon-carbon bonds with $sp$-, $sp^2$-, and $sp^3$–hybridizations of valence electrons are formed, whereas bonds of the carbon atoms with oxygen or hydrogen are absent. The formation of carbon bonds with $sp$-hybridization of valence electrons (carbine) leads to an increase in the current-conducting characteristics of the polymer.