Micro- and nanoscale instabilities of deformation in polymers

The rate and magnitude of the deformation in polymers under constant compressive stresses at room temperature have been measured. The use of laser interferometer has made it possible to perform measurements at small intervals of variations in the specimen length $\Delta l$ = 0.325 $\mu$m, and the analysis of the form of beats has made it possible to estimate oscillations of the strain rate in nanoscale displacements. It has been shown that the average strain rate of polymers continuously varies and no creeping interval with a constant rate is observed. At all stages of smooth variations in the average rate, jumps of its current values corresponding to $\Delta l$ from several nanometers to a hundred and more nanometers have been found. Changes in the structure with an increase in the deformation manifest themselves in an increase in the size of nanoscale jumps and in a complication of their shape.