The Risorgimento and the formation of Italian and international mathematical community

Events of Italian Risorgimento had a powerful impact on the social and cultural life of Europe and America. Galvanized the Italian society these events have influenced the development of science (particularly mathematics) not only in Italy but also far beyond its borders. This article discusses two examples of such influence – activities of Circolo matematico di Palermo in the first decades of its existence, as well as the activity of G. Peano for the dissemination of his ideas in the foundations of mathematics.Attempt to look at these processes with a very special way – participation in these processes of Russian mathematicians.