Diamagnetism and paramagnetism of a metamaterial consisting of rings with a current

Metamaterials consisting of conducting rings distributed chaotically or periodically in a dielectric matrix, thus forming a photonic crystal, have been considered. Models have been obtained demonstrating that the magnetic response can be both diamagnetic and paramagnetic, but the uniform permeability in a nonresonant region, where it is still meaningful, is close to unity.