Physical processes accompanying laser ablation in liquid

Ablation in liquid is numerically simulated with molecular dynamics and hydrodynamics codes. Laser radiation passes through a transparent liquid, illuminates a metal target, and is absorbed in it and reflected from it. The range of absorbed fluences $F_{abs}$ about 1 J/cm$^2$ is considered, which is of technological interest: the number of nanoparticles formed per laser pulse below these values is small, whereas the optical breakdown of the liquid occurs above them. A theory is developed to estimate the mass and composition of nanoparticles formed by laser radiation using simulation data and thermodynamic information (equation of state of matter).