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A characterization of some even vector-valued Sturm–Liouville problems
Max Jodeit, Jr.,
B. M. Levitan School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota
Abstract:
We call “even” a Sturm–Liouville problem
\begin{gather}
-y''+Q(x)y=\lambda y, \quad 0\leq x\leq\pi,
\tag{1}
\\
y'(0)-hy(0)=0,
\tag{2}
\\
y'(\pi)+Hy(\pi)=0,
\tag{3}
\end{gather}
in which
$H=h$ and
$Q(\pi-x)\equiv Q(x)$ on
$[0,\pi]$. In this paper we study the vector-valued case, where the
potential $Q(x)$ is a real symmetric
$d\times d$ matrix for each
$x$ in
$[0,\pi],$ and the entries of
$Q$ and their first derivatives (in the distribution sense) are all in
$L^2[0,\pi]$. We assume that
$h$ and
$H$ are real symmetric
$d\times d$ matrices.
We prove that a vector-valued Sturm–Liouville problem (1)–(3) is even if and only if, for each eigenvalue
$\lambda$, whose multiplicity is
$r=r_{\lambda}$ (where
$1\le r\le d$, and where
$\varphi_1(x,\lambda),\dots,\varphi_r(x,\lambda)$ denote orthonormal eigenfunctions belonging to
$\lambda$), there exists an
$r\times r$ matrix
$A=(a_{ij})$ (which may depend on
$\lambda$ and on the choice of basis
$\{\varphi_i(x,\lambda)\}_{i=1}^r$, but does not depend on
$x$) such that
(1) A is orthogonal and symmetric, and
(2) for
$1\le i\le r$, $\varphi_i(\pi,\lambda)=\sum_{j=1}^ra_{ij}\varphi_j(0,\lambda)$.
\noindent
To some extent our theorem can be considered a generalization of N. Levinson's results in [2].
Received: 10.02.1997
Language: English