Synthesis of electrode configurations that conserve fringing electric field homogeneity in Euler terms

Electric fields that are homogeneous in Euler terms are useful tools for synthesizing electron–and ion–optical systems with unique properties. However, fringing electric fields usually disturb the ideality of theoretically devised schemes. A way of synthesizing fringing fields is suggested that conserves their homogeneity in Euler terms, and hence, conserves theoretically predicted optimal characteristics of corresponding electron–and ion–optical systems.