Materials and methods for labeling petroleum products

An overview of the basic principles and current state of the use of various nanomaterials as “secret” marks for marking and subsequent identification of petroleum products is provided. Problems related to various technical and scientific facets of product coding are analyzed. The importance of key factors such as high detection sensitivity, high stability of marks over time, low toxicity, rapid detection, price, etc. is noted. The features of using the following types of markers are described and analyzed: optically active labels, Raman spectroscopy with increased surface sensitivity, chemical labels, quantum dots, magnetic liquids and nanocrystals, and DNA tags.