Scientific Computer Networks — Problems and Successes in the Exchange of Large Volumes of Scientific Data

Practically in every area of modern science — computational biology and bioinformatics, biomedicine, astronomy and astrophysics, meteorology and climatology, molecular physics and elementary particle physics there is a continuous growth of a huge importance of the obtained experimental data, and the total amount is measured in exabytes (billion gigabytes). The success of these scopes depends on the effective interaction of a large number of researchers working in various laboratories around the world, and the possibility of moving large amounts of data in real time. The resources of computer networks in the 21st century are becoming critical to perform these tasks. The biggest scientific programs are considered and an overview of computer science networks allowing to make high speed data transmission for these projects is provided.