Models of tree dynamics and tree community dynamics: progressing from two-dimensional to three-dimensional models

The browse of the works fulfilled within the frames of the approach according to «a principle of a minimum visual angle», i.e. step-by-step moving from a minimum image of the modelled object to more and more detailed is presented. Models of dynamics of plants in view of their usage in models of communities are considered. Two-dimensional models of dynamics of a biomass quite adequately describe productional process, for example, explaining effect of an after grass. Using in models of the community consisting of such models of plants, considering the area occupied by community as a resource and applying thus Voronoii mosaic, we receive the tool for research of the main process of dynamics of community — a competition. The role of space structure of community in dynamics of a competition is considered for a uniform community as an example. With usage of two-dimensional model of community it is shown that so-called «The rule $-3/2$» describes dependence between phytomass (but not biomasses) with community denseness in a course of communities thinning. At the three-dimensional modelling a decomposing of biomass dynamics of a tree into the sum of biomass dynamics of sections amounting the tree it is offered. Analysis of sectional model allows to explain a number of effects observed in the nature and to describe dynamics of allocation of a biomass on the heights which are associating with some species. The sectional construction of model was spread to system of branches of a tree, and the model of branches had demonstrated boundedness of number of orders and time of life of branches of a tree. Analysis of system of branches of ordinary spruce with usage of model together with the published natural data has shown that natural values of times of life of branches of a spruce are impossible without taking into account in model of known peculiarities of a spruce — an initial growth inhibition and presence of inter-verticil branches. The mechanism and its model exposition for process of replacement of skeletal (regular) branches of a spruce by inter-verticil is offered. Values of parameters of model for natural data are gained. Analysis of sectional model of a tree shows, that death of tree in community is invoked not directly by disadvantage of resources, but the weakening of growth of height because of that. The synchronous sectional model of trees' community dynamics is described.