Dynamic processes of irreversible deforming and fracture of solids

Thermomechanical processes taking place in deformable solids bodies under action of intensive dynamical loadings consist of interdependent mechanical, heat and structural processes. The last ones involve the formation, motion and interaction of defecs in metallic crystals, phase transitions, the breaking of bonds between molecules in polymers, the accumulation of microstructural damages (pores, cracks), etc. Irreversible deformations, zones of adiabatic shear and microfractures are caused by these processes. The dynamical fracture is a complex multistage process involving the appearance, evolution and merging of microdefects as well as the formation of embryonic microcracks that grow and unite generating macrocracks. The body is eventually split into individual fragments. The present paper include discussion of the next problems: development of mathematical models of damageable solids and destruction of constructions, developing the methods for determination of “nonstandart” constants of models, and developing the methods for numerical simulation the processes of deforming and fracture.