The unique decomposition theorem for 3-manifolds admitting Morse–Smale diffeomorphisms without heteroclinic curves

One of the fundamental results of three-dimensional topology is the Kneser–Milnor unique decomposition theorem. If a 3-manifold admits a Morse–Smale diffeomorphism without heteroclinic curves, the topology of the decomposition summands can be substantially refined. For orientable 3-manifolds this was done by C. Bonatti, V.Z. Grines, V.S. Medvedev and E. Pecou in 2002. In the present paper, we obtain an exhaustive description of the decomposition into a connected sum of non-orientable 3-manifolds admitting Morse–Smale diffeomorphisms without heteroclinic curves.