Endpoint Functions: Mathematical Apparatus and Economic Applications

Problems related to the extremization of functions have been studied for quite a long time not only by Russian experts but also by the world's leading experts in the field of applied mathematics. It should be noted that, nowadays, not all problems on this topic have a solution, despite the ongoing active research in mathematical modeling and mathematical programming. A serious work is underway on a deeper study of the properties of extremizable functions. This is especially topical in the context of our country's transition to a knowledge economy and, as a first step towards this, to the digital economy, when powerful supercomputers with performance of hundreds and thousands of petaflops have arisen and quantum computers begin to occur. The paper is a survey of results associated with a new class of functions that are useful in extremization problems and is based on the joint work of the authors.