Cerium oxide nanoparticles increase the cytotoxicity of TNF-alpha in vitro

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONP) were used as the modifying agent for the recombinant tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$-thymosin-$\alpha$1 (rhTNF and rhTNF-T). A notable increase of the biological activity of proteins with antitumor effect was demonstrated. It was established that the cytotoxicity of rTNF-T+CeONP composite increases with the duration of exposure to 7 days. Modification of rTNF-T with cerium oxide nanoparticles provides a stronger and more stable cytotoxic effect in Hep-2, L929, and A-549 tumor cell lines.