Single photon sources and detectors based on micro- and nanooptical structures

A brief overview of application of micro and nano structures in modern photonics is presented. Noted that the technology to produce high quality waveguides and microresonators, are of particular interest to modern information science. These optical elements make it possible to localize the photons, isolating them from the external environment. The theory of discrete coherent photodetection of microresonator mode Fock states is developed. The scheme of photodetector, capable to distinguish one photon and two-photon field states is developed. The quantum pointer of this detector is a packet of N atoms, based in microresonator. With help of quantum pointers, indirectly, we can determine the states of quantum resonator mode, testing energy of atoms package after the end of their relationship with mode within strictly defined time interaction. A theory of generations of microresonator mode one photon states is developed. A microresonator pumping is realized with help of resonance fluorescence field from one atom – source, which excites with help of outside classical electromagnetic field. One photon mode state is detected through a process of discrete coherent photodetection of radiation. As shown in the work, we can choose a detector setting so that at the time of receipt of information about excited state of atom – pointer we be able to conclude unambiguously about state of resonator mode. Conditional reduced matrix of density of mode will correspond to pure Fock one photon state.