Functional nanostructured $\mathrm{SiO}_2$–$\mathrm{GeO}_2$ films synthesised by sol-gel method

Creating low-dimensional systems and nanostructured composites in the form of functional, special glasses and oxide films based on the solid matrix and uniformly distributed in them highly organized semiconductors with sizes of 5–100 nm, is one of the most important areas of research in the field of synthesis and characterization of inorganic materials and dispersed systems. Nanostructures based on $\mathrm{Ge}$–$\mathrm{Si}$, despite the difference in lattice parameters of 4%, attracted the attention of engineers because of great strides in creating new advanced devices using quantum effects. There are light-emitting and photo detecting silicon-germanium devices in silicon technology to compete successfully with traditional optoelectronic materials. An effective way of obtaining inorganic materials with controlled optical-mechanical and physico-chemical characteristics is sol-gel process of formation of nanoscale particles and clusters dispersed in the silicate matrices of different types: monoliths, films, and quasi-spherical structures.