Penetration of a copper rod into a sandy target

This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of high-velocity penetration of cylindrical copper rods into sand. The hydrodynamic Alekseevskii–Tate theory is modified to determine the penetration depth and wear velocity of the material of the rod penetrating into soil target in the plastic and hydrodynamic stages of penetration. The case where the target material is significantly less strong than the rod (impactor) material is considered.