Effect of the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of water density on the propagation of a vertical plane jet

This paper gives results of two experiments in which warmer water in the form of a vertical plane jet was let into colder water. In one experiment, the temperature of inflowing and initially quiescent water exceeded 4$^\circ$C and warm water propagated only along the free surface. In the other experiment, the temperature of inflowing water was above 4$^\circ$C and that of quiescent water was below 4$^\circ$C. In this case, two jets – surface and bottom – first formed, and then the inflowing liquid was entirely concentrated in the bottom jet.