Crystallization dynamics of a liquid metal drop impinging onto a multilayered substrate

Thermal and hydrodynamic processes that occur during impingement of a liquid metal drop onto a multilayered substrate are numerically studied. The mathematical model is based on the Navier–Stokes equations for an incompressible liquid and on substrate and drop heat-transfer equations that take into account the surface-tension forces and metal solidification. The effect of the impact velocity, initial drop diameter, metal overheating, and temperature and thermophysical characteristics of the substrate on the morphology of the solid drop, its height, contact-spot diameter, and total solidification time was examined numerically. The simulation results are found to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.