Plasma control in tokamaks. Part 1. Controlled thermonuclear fusion problem. Tokamaks. Control systems components

Various concepts are presented of promising tokamaks being the leaders in solving the controlled thermonuclear fusion problem. The evolution of tokamaks is considered from ones round in vertical cross-section with a large aspect ratio up to tokamaks with a small aspect ratio including spherical ones. The classification of modern tokamaks is given. Attention is focused on the methods of plasma diagnostics by magnetic measurements outside plasma, actuators for both plasma magnetic and kinetic control, as well as for its additional heating. Plasma magnetic and kinetic models, instabilities, and disruptions are considered.