Optical integrated modulator operating at the wavelength of 1.3 µ

A high-frequency integrated optical modulator of the Mach–Zehnder type was constructed from an LiNbO₃ crystal with Ti-diffused waveguides. The modulator was designed for fiber-optic communications at the wavelength of λ = 1.3 µ. The depth of modulation was 15 dB when the control voltage was 8 V.