Splitting of the dependences of the effective refractive indices of hybrid optical modes on the direction of propagation in planar LiNbO3 :Ti waveguides

A study was made of the dependences of the effective refractive indices of hybrid guided modes on the direction of propagation in planar single-mode Y-cut lithium niobate waveguides formed by the diffusion of Ti. Splitting of these dependences was observed in the case of TE and TM modes. The difference between the effective refractive indices was ~ 5×10^–5.