Excitation of coupled capillary waves, diffracted electromagnetic waves, and surface structures as a result of interaction of high-power electromagnetic radiation with liquid metals, semiconductors, and insulators

A theoretical analysis is made of self-excitation, due to a thermocapillary force, of capillary waves in liquid metals, semiconductors, and insulators subjected to the action of a high-power laser wave. The thresholds for the self-excitation of capillary waves are determined and dependences of the intensities of these waves on the frequency, angle of incidence, and polarization of the laser radiation are studied. It is shown that the characteristics of capillary waves are in good agreement with the experimental dependences of the parameters of ordered structures that form on the surface under the action of high-power laser pulses.