Rigid contact between a channel LiNbO3:Ti waveguide and single-mode fiber waveguides

An optical LiNbO₃:Ti waveguide was bonded to single-mode fiber waveguides (SFWs) to form a rigidly contacted SFW–channel waveguide–SFW system with total losses of 5 dB. The losses in the channel waveguide were determined as well as those due to contacts with SFWs. The mechanical and thermal stability of such bonded contacts were determined.