Organolithium compounds in the nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in arenes and hetarenes

The review considers the most typical examples of the direct non-activated non-catalytic C–C bond formation in arenes and their metal complexes activated by electron-withdrawing substituents in the aromatic nucleus and in hetarenes (azines and their N-oxides, porphyrins, etc.) upon the reactions with aliphatic and (hetero)aromatic (hetero)organolithium nucleophiles. Particular attention is given to the direct introduction of nitroxide radicals and (hetero)organic moieties into mono-, di- and triazines and their N-oxides. The influence of the structures of the (hetero)aromatic substrate and the (hetero)organolithium nucleophile on the reaction pathway and rate and on the structure of the reaction product is analyzed.
The bibliography includes 237 references.