Influence of surface groups on the properties of disperse systems

Published data on the influence of surface groups on various properties of disperse systems are integrated and analyzed. The preparation of these systems is considered in relation to activated carbon. The discussion addresses the effect of redox reactions of surface groups on the energy efficiency of electrochemical supercapacitors, operation of capacitive deionization units for water desalination, and functioning of redox capacitors based on organic monomers. It is shown that very high energy and power characteristics of lithium ion capacitors are based on the redox reactions of lithium-containing surface groups of highly dispersed graphene electrodes. The effect of surface groups on the self-discharge of electrochemical supercapacitors with activated carbon-based electrodes is demonstrated. The prospects for the production of drinking water by capacitive deionization using mosaic cation/anion exchange membranes are evaluated. The practically important inversion of sulfo groups relative to the polymer chain in the catalyst layers of fuel cells with proton exchange membranes is noted.
The bibliography includes 181 references.