Triarylphosphonium compounds as effective vectors for mitochondria-targeted delivery systems: decoration strategies and prospects for clinical application

Mitochondrial dysfunctions lead to the emergence and development of a large number of diseases. The present review gives the first systematic survey of various aspects of studies of mitochondria-targeted nanosystems containing triphenylphosphonium vector groups providing targeted delivery of drug substances to these organelles. Approaches to the design of both the initial triphenylphosphonium components and various nanoparticles bearing these groups are summarized and analyzed. The relationship between the key parameters of triphenylphosphonium nanoparticles (chemical composition, size, shape, ζ-potential, drug loading, drug encapsulation efficiency, etc.) and the biological action is discussed; in some cases, the mechanism of mitochondria targeting is presented. The design principles and preparation methods for mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium delivery nanosystems are of interest to researchers specializing in the field of nanomaterials, nanotechnology, molecular biology, biotechnology and pharmaceutical chemistry.
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