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JOURNALS // Uspekhi Khimii // Archive

Usp. Khim., 2024 Volume 93, Issue 12, Pages 1–55 (Mi rcr4488)

Biocatalysis: modern problems and applications

S. D. Varfolomeevab, V. K. Švedasc, E. N. Efremenkoa, A. M. Egorova, M. G. Khrenovaa, V. I. Tishkova, D. L. Atroshenkoad, A. A. Pometunad, S. S. Savina, N. N. Ugarovaa, G. Yu. Lomakinaa, I. V. Gachoka, I. V. Lyagina, V. I. Muronetse, A. P. Sinitsynad, O. A. Sinitsynaa, A. M. Rojhkovaad, G. F. Makhaevaf, S. O. Bachurinf, O. I. Lavrikg, D. O. Zharkovg, A. V. Yudkinag, O. M. Panasenkoh, A. A. Baykove, P. Massoni, T. N. Pashirovaj, Z. M. Shaihutdinovaji, E. V. Popovaa, V. E. Tikhomirovaa, O. A. Kosta, E. V. Kudryashovaa, N. V. Dobryakovaa, N. L. Klyachkoa, M. M. Veselova, A. V. Lopukhova, I. M. Le-Deygena, A. D. Usvalieva, I. V. Chudosaia, N. L. Eremeeva, M. E. Zverevaa, M. Yu. Rubtsovaa, M. M. Ulyashovaa, G. V. Presnovaa, L. V. Sigolaevaa, D. V. Pergushova, I. N. Kurochkinba, E. G. Evtushenkoba, I. A. Boginskayak, Yu. Yu. Zvyaginak, E. A. Slipchenkok, O. V. Kryukovaa, M. V. Sedovak, I. A. Ryzhikovkl, V. V. Shumyantsevamn, P. I. Korolevamn, T. V. Bulkom, L. E. Agafonovam, R. A. Masamrekhmn, T. A. Filippovamn, A. V. Kuzikovmn, A. P. Savitskyd, M. O. Shleevad, I. D. Solovyevd, N. K. Marynichd

a Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
b N.M.Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
c Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
d Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
e A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
f Institute of Physiologically Active Substances, Federal Research Center "Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
g Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
h Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
i Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
j Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of the Federal Research Center 'Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences', Kazan, Russian Federation
k Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
l Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
m Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
n N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation

Abstract: The review is devoted to analysis of recent advances, problems, and practical applications of enzymes in the framework of chemical enzymology and enzyme engineering. The achievements in the fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the catalytic cycle of enzymatic reactions are considered using quantum/molecular mechanics methods with supercomputer technologies and bioinformatics methods. The construction of protein biocatalysts with new properties is a fundamentally significant methodology of the bioengineering approach to solving practical problems, which is demonstrated by a number of examples. The increasing role of biocatalysis in medicine and biomedical research is illustrated by solving the problems of antibiotic synthesis and overcoming bacterial resistance to them, studying the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and developing drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease, and investigation of biocatalytic processes of DNA repair and the role of mechanisms of functioning of heme peroxidases in the human body. The use of enzymes that destroy various endogenous and exogenous toxicants has been greatly developed in recent decades. The problems of using enzymes in therapy and drug delivery are analyzed. The fundamental role of enzymes in modern analysis and diagnosis is noted. The review considers a new trend in the development of bioanalytical methods using aptamers, multianalytical biochips, surface-enhanced Raman scattering systems, and bioelectroanalysis.
The bibliography includes 460 references.

Keywords: bioinformatic analysis, postgenomic modification, protein design, bioelectrocatalysis, biochips, biomedicine, biodetection.

Received: 24.07.2024

DOI: 10.59761/RCR5144


 English version:
Russian Chemical Reviews, 2024, 93:12, 1–55


© Steklov Math. Inst. of RAS, 2025