Mathematical modeling of soil processes using open-source software

Nowadays the task of building digital twins of various natural and technical objects is an urgent task. The paper considers the possibilities of open source software for the development of digital twins of soil processes. Cloud platform for scientific research can be designed and created on the basis of hardware and software complex, which includes such components as servers, data storage system, network equipment, system software stack, virtual machines, microservices and other elements. The cloud platform can act as the main platform for digital twin development projects. Meteorological data, data on digital terrain relief, data on physical and chemical composition of soil, data on agricultural crops, synthetic data can be used as input data for building a digital twin of soil fields. In the article the possibilities of open-source software packages ParFlow, OpenFOAM, Paraview for modeling of soil processes using Richards equation for single-phase medium are considered. Physical modeling was carried out for cases of model soil fields with given permeability and porosity of the medium. As a result of the calculation, the fields of moisture saturation, hydrostatic head, and moisture velocity were obtained. In one of the modeling problems the influence of well presence on the pressure field was also investigated. The basic calculation grid included 288,000 calculation cells. Typical calculations were performed on the high-performance cluster of ISP RAS. One typical calculation was run on 12 cores and took about 20 minutes. Visualization of the calculation results was performed in the Paraview package using filter technology and software scripts in the Python programming language.