RUS  ENG
Full version
JOURNALS // Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika // Archive

TMF, 2008 Volume 155, Number 3, Pages 463–473 (Mi tmf6223)

This article is cited in 29 papers

Projective ring line encompassing two-qubits

M. Sanigaa, M. Planatb, P. Pracnac

a Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences
b CNRS — Institut FEMTO-ST, Département LPMO
c J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry

Abstract: We find that the projective line over the (noncommutative) ring of $2\times2$ matrices with coefficients in $GF(2)$ fully accommodates the algebra of $15$ operators (generalized Pauli matrices) characterizing two-qubit systems. The relevant subconfiguration consists of $15$ points, each of which is either simultaneously distant or simultaneously neighbor to (any) two given distant points of the line. The operators can be identified one-to-one with the points such that their commutation relations are exactly reproduced by the underlying geometry of the points with the ring geometric notions of neighbor and distant corresponding to the respective operational notions of commuting and noncommuting. This remarkable configuration can be viewed in two principally different ways accounting for the basic corresponding $9{+}6$ and $10{+}5$ factorizations of the algebra of observables{:} first, as a disjoint union of the projective line over $GF(2)\times GF(2)$ {(}the "Mermin" part{\rm)} and two lines over $GF(4)$ passing through the two selected points that are omitted{;} second, as the generalized quadrangle of order two with its ovoids and/or spreads corresponding to {\rm(}maximum{\rm)} sets of five mutually noncommuting operators and/or groups of five maximally commuting subsets of three operators each. These findings open unexpected possibilities for an algebro-geometric modeling of finite-dimensional quantum systems and completely new prospects for their numerous applications.

Keywords: projective ring line, generalized quadrangle of order two, two-qubit.

Received: 12.12.2006
Revised: 20.03.2007

DOI: 10.4213/tmf6223


 English version:
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2008, 155:3, 905–913

Bibliographic databases:


© Steklov Math. Inst. of RAS, 2025