Some peculiarities in the behavior of non-Ising spin glasses

This paper is a review. We outline the main directions in the modern theory of spin glasses. The main content is based on our recent papers, devoted to studying replica symmetry breaking in non-Ising spin glasses. Studying a series of generalized models showed a certain uniformity of the behavior of these generalized spin glasses. Essentially, we observe a significant difference between their behavior and the behavior of the known systems with random couplings of Ising spins—the Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model and the corresponding $p$-spin model. We find the bifurcation point for the solution with the first replica symmetry breaking, study the form and stability of the solution near the bifurcation point, and show in which cases the transition to the glass state occurs continuously and in which cases, with a jump of the order parameters.