Abstract:
The paper reviews theoretical predictions about the behavior of two-dimensional low-density electron systems at nearly absolute zero temperatures, including the formation of an electron (Wigner) crystal, crystal melting at a critical electron density, and transitions between crystal modifications in more complex (for example, two-layer) systems. The paper presents experimental results obtained from real two-dimensional systems in which the nonconducting (solid) state of the electronic system with indications of collective localization is actually realized. Experimental methods for detecting a quantum liq„uid–solid phase interface are discussed.
PACS:
68.65.Pq, 71.10.Hf, 73.20.Qt
Received:September 26, 2016 Revised:December 20, 2016 Accepted: January 17, 2017