Straintronics: a new trend in micro- and nanoelectronics and materials science

The term ‘straintronics’ refers to a new research area in condensed matter physics, in which strain engineering methods and strain-induced physical effects in solids are used to develop next-generation devices for information, sensor, and energy-saving technologies. This paper reviews the basic ideas of straintronics, examines the underlying effects, highlights its advantages over conventional electronics, and identifies the problems it faces and fundamental constraints it is subject to. Special attention is given to the straintronics of magnetic and magnetoelectric materials as the most promising area for radically reducing computational energy consumption. Specific examples are presented of how the principles of straintronics are applied practically in information and energy-saving technologies, as well as in sensor and microwave engineering.