Spintronics of semiconductor, metallic, dielectric, and hybrid structures (100th anniversary of the Ioffe Institute)

Demands for miniaturization, increasing the operation speed and energy efficiency of electronic devices led to the emergence and rapid development of spin electronics, or spintronics. Several areas of experimental and theoretical research are considered, in which the Ioffe Institute is actively involved. We discuss current progress in developing semiconductor and hybrid structures that exhibit specified magnetic properties, the development of methods for manipulating individual spins, a theoretical description of switching of metallic heterostructures magnetization by an electric field, and ultrafast control of magnetization via manipulating the magnetic anisotropy by femtosecond laser pulses.