Catalytic methods of converting carbon dioxide into useful products to reduce the impact of coal generation on global climate change

Coal generation is one of the main sources of carbon dioxide emissions and makes a significant contribution to global climate change. In general, to curb global warming and to transition to a carbon-neutral economy, it is urgent to develop and improve methods for capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide. The most promising processing methods are those of catalytic conversion of $\rm CO_2$ into valuable chemical products. This article discusses methods of $\rm CO_2$ utilization, including synthesis reactions of low-molecular compounds (HCOOH, CO, $\rm H_2CO$, $\rm CH_3OH$, $\rm CH_4$) and reactions to obtain high-molecular organic substances (carbamates R$\rm R^\prime$NCOO$\rm R^{\prime \prime}$, carbonates $({\rm RO})_2{\rm CO}$, carboxylates RCOOH). The results of research on the creation of a number of effective nanosized catalysts for these processes are presented.