Two-dimensional polarization patterns for holographic recording

Two-dimensional $(2\mathrm{D})$ polarization pattern is achieved by the interference of two pairs of beams with perpendicular planes of incidence and orthogonal circular polarizations. Imposing a phase shift of $\pi/2$ between consecutive beams contains the amplitude modulation of the optical field in the superposition region and, thus, pure $2\mathrm{D}$ polarization patterns are created. The recording of this interference field in a polarization sensitive material creates reconfigurable $2\mathrm{D}$ periodic microstructure with peculiar diffraction properties.