Determination of glucose concentration in aqueous solution by using modified hilbert shaped microwave metamaterial sensor

Glucose concentration in the aqueous solution was measured using a microwave metamaterial sensor based on the modified Hilbert curve of the first fractal order. In order to increase the system sensitivity at fixed meta-element sizes, the design of the sensor was optimized by using finite element method. It was observed that $S$ parameters of the metamaterial microstrip line sensor at resonant frequencies strongly depend on the glucose concentration. Consequently, by measuring the microwave responses for the different concentrations one can detect the glucose concentration in the solution. Such structure can be useful in the biological and medical applications.