Effect of structural permeability on the stability of a parachute with four suspension lines

The influence of various structural permeabilities (additional perforation) on the aerodynamic characteristics, shape, and stability of square parachute models with four suspension lines is studied. The parachute is made of a fabric whose air permeability coefficient is equal to zero. The shape of the parachute canopy and the force distribution along the frame ribbons of the canopy are presented.